Locative Cases

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Locative Cases

3.2.3 locative cases

The locative cases could as well be analyzed as cliticized postpositions since they are not determined by the grammatical requirements of the predication, but depend purely on the pragmatic intent of the speaker. Locative case nouns take adverbial position, i.e. following the lexical verb.

aldar, tree
locative cases	inflection	singular	plural	semantics
illative	-al	aldarral	eldairral	into a tree(s)
allative	-ial	aldarrial	alderail	toward a tree(s)]
inessive	-ar	aldarrar	eldairrar	in a tree(s)
adessive	-iar	aldarriar	alderrair	at a tree(s)
elative	-an	aldarran	eldairran	out of a tree(s)
ablative	-ian	aldarrian	alderrain	from a tree(s)
comitative	-as	aldarras	eldairras	with a tree(s)

3.2.3.1 illative

The illative case is used for oblique nouns that are the objects of motion into.

I will come into the forest.
erdullel i daurral eldil
(nedulil ala torir)
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(ner)     erdullel              i   daurral      
ner  -0   er-  tullo -e   -l    ir  taur   -al   
I    -[A] do-  come  -agt -actn the forest -into 
1per -nom agt- v     -val -vc   det n      -illat
I         come                  the into.forest  

eldil            
el-        -dil  
assertive- -fut  
mood-      -tense
will

3.2.3.2 allative

The allative case is used for oblique nouns that are the objects of motion toward a place or time.

I will come to the town
erdullel i garassial eldil
(nedulil yala casair)
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(ner)     erdullel              i   garassial   
ner  -0   er-  tullo -e   -l    ir  caras -ial  
I    -[A] do-  come  -agt -actn the town  -to   
1per -nom agt- v     -val -vc   det n     -allat
I         come                  the to_town     

eldil            
el-        -dil  
assertive- -fut  
mood-      -tense
will

3.2.3.3 inessive

The inessive case is used for oblique nouns that are the objects within or inside a given place or time.

The knife is in the basket.
ristrad i dorannar vordanig
(meglesir ara dondanir)
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i   ristrad          i   dorannar     vordanig              
i   risso =rad  -0   i   toran  -ar    ve-    or=    tango  
the cut   =tool -[S] the vessel -in    descr- compl= be.firm
det v     =nsfx -abs det n      -iness adj-   pfx=   v      
the knife            the in.basket

3.2.3.4 adessive

The adessive case is used for oblique nouns that are at a given place or time.

My house is in the town.
mardhar nerion i garassiar
(madha nero yara casair)
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mardhar             nerion    i   garassiar   
mardo =dar     -0   ner  -ion i   caras -iar  
build =general -[S] I    -of  the town  -at   
v     =nsfx    -abs 1per -gen det n     -adess
house               my        the at.town

In ámman îar predication in relation to place can be expressed without a verb. It is sufficient to use an adverbial noun in one of the locative cases as in the last two examples

3.2.3.5 elative

The elative case is used for oblique nouns that are the objects of motion out of.

I will come out of the forest.
erdullel i daurran eldil
(nedulil ana torir)
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(ner)     erdullel              i   daurran       
ner  -0   er-  tullo -e   -l    i   taur   -an    
I    -[A] do-  come  -agt -actn the forest -out.of
1per -nom agt- v     -val -vc   det n      -elat  
I         come                  the out.of.forest 

eldil            
el-        -dil  
assertive- -fut  
mood-      -tense
will

3.2.3.6 ablative

The ablative case is used for oblique nouns that are the objects of motion away from a place or time.

I came from the west.
erdullel ir orhunnian elieth
(nedulath yana orunir)
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(ner)     erdullel              ir  orhunnian         
ner  -0   er-  tullo -e   -l    i   or=    rhun -ian  
I    -[A] do-  come  -agt -actn the compl= east -from 
1per -nom agt- v     -val -vc   det pfx=   n    -ablat
I         come                  the from.west         

elieth                 
el-        -i    -eth  
assertive- -perf -past 
mood-      -asp  -tense
do

3.2.3.7 comitative

The comitative case is used for oblique nouns that accompany another ,b>NP

I came with Galdor.
erdullel i galdrannas eleth
(nedulth ath galdra)
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(ner)     erdullel              i   galdrannas        
ner  -0   er-  tullo -e   -l    i   galad =an   -as   
I    -[A] do-  come  -agt -actn the galad =masc -with 
1per -nom agt- v     -val -vc   det nam   =gnd  -comit
I         come                  the with.Galdor       

eleth            
el-        -eth  
assertive- -past 
mood-      -tense
did